The reactions of the blast furnace involve 1 combustion of the fuel and its conversion into carbon monoxide, 2 reduction of the ore. Avogadro number c faraday calculations c differences between hcl g and hcl aq c lab preparation of oxygen and carbon dioxide properties of carbon dioxide details of extraction of iron, using a blast furnace details of. Blasts furnaces are used for smelting during the production of metals such as iron, lead, zinc, and copper. Firstly, the carbon in the blast furnace burns with the hot air to form carbon dioxide. The coke essentially impure carbon burns in the blast of hot air to form carbon dioxide a strongly exothermic reaction. Extracting iron from iron ore using a blast furnace. The blast furnace is a huge, steel stack lined with refractory brick, where iron ore, coke and limestone are dumped into the top, and preheated air is blown into the bottom. Blast furnace produces hot metal liquid iron using iron ore, coke, sinter. At the end of the twentieth century the biggest blast furnaces had between 14 and 15 m in hearth diameter, and were producing 34 million tons of.
The blast furnace can be divided in five chemical zones as shown in fig. In construction, they are both around the same level of technological sophistication. The following questions are about the blast furnace and the production of iron. Ccea gcse chemistry 6569 cambridge igcse chemistry 0620 edexcel international gcse chemistry 4ch1 oxford aqa international gcse chemistry 9202 cambridge igcse chemistry 0620 for exams from 2019. When doing math in chemistry, you need to follow some rules to make sure that your sums, differences, products, and quotients honestly reflect the amount of precision present in the original measurements. The diagram shows oxygen being blown into the furnace or bos vessel through a water cooled oxygen lance. Aqa gcse chemistry 8462 edexcel gcse chemistry 1ch0 ocr gateway chemistry j248 eduqas wjec chemistry. The furnaces were 50 feet high and 15 feet wide at the bosh. If the answer you have written is not right, change it to the. This is confirmed by industrial electric furnace data 29 which indicate that the partition ratio of ni between matte and slag is 10. How a blast furnace works introduction the purpose of a blast furnace is to chemically reduce and physically convert iron oxides into liquid iron called hot metal.
In the early days of the twentieth century, blast furnaces had a hearth diameter of 45 m and. Iron ores are reduced by coke carbon in a blast furnace. This is equivalent to an electric furnace nitomatte recovery of 98% taking matte and slag masses into account. Directmelting furnaces, in contrast to crucible furnaces, have a place in the. Hot air is also blown into the furnace which reacts with the carbon in a highly exothermic reaction, producing much of. The molten iron is made using the thermit reaction where iron oxide is reacted with aluminium powder. Iron, fe, is extracted from its metal oxide in the blast furnace using carbon as a reducing agent. Gcse chemistry revision questions extraction of metals. Once a beginning is made, production is vast without limit. On the contrary, chemistry often deals in calculated quantities. Footprintsscience gcse science animations and quizzes. Material covering the exact size of the older group cannot be found but from the area covered by the ruins it was approximately 50 ft. Heat energy is valuable, and it is important not to waste any. Crucibles can be bought or made, and can be made of metal or ceramic.
Extraction of iron in a blast furnace reduction haematite o. Additional alloys and fluxes may be added at the lmf if required. Two worksheets one for foundation students, one for higher. Modeling of burden distribution in the blast furnace doria. The common ores of iron are both iron oxides, and these can be reduced to iron by heating. Chemists arent satisfied with measuring length, mass, temperature, and time alone. Technological changes in blast furnace iron making in india since last few decades article pdf available in international journal of science and research ijsr 212. Blast furnaces operate on the principle of chemical reduction whereby carbon. Chemistry powerpoint presentations free to download. The blast furnace is around 30 metres high and lined with fireproof bricks. Calculate the ccl bond energy c i when g of c, h 2 and c are completely burnt in excess. The blast furnace proper was square in shape and built in the form of a stack which tapered toward the top. Many know me as the ten year series book author for jc alevel h2 chemistry and olevel pure chemistry.
Presently, very big furnaces reach production levels of 12,000 tpd or more. A blast furnace works by blasting hot air up through the furnace while fuels, limestone, and ore move continuously through the top of the furnace. The phrase bao qin chou comes from xiao xing, little stars, ode no. Organic chemistry the best o level revision resource. These variations affect the relative content of the four major constituents.
Modern blast furnaces, equipped with efficient charging apparatuses and operating on quality raw materials and coke with a blast temperature of 1200. The principle of blast furnace operational technology and. While the ladle is at lmf the chemistry of the heat of steel is verified to determine that proper alloy additions were made during the tapping of the heat. Improvements in the process over many centuries eventually led to the mass production of iron and to the industrial revolution. The basic oxygen steelmaking process is the uks major method for making steel. Ss1 what is steel ss2 how is steel made ss3 rusting. E a is the activation energy for a reaction involving this gas. Why cant magnesium reduce zinc oxide in a blast furnace chemistry significance of enthalpy in iron production. Pdf technological changes in blast furnace iron making. Ten thousand men exert themselves, a thousand supervise. The best way to remember the information in this chapter is to get a pen and paper and write down your answers before clicking on the answer link which will take you to the correct page you may have to read through some of the page before you find the answer. Three substances are needed to enable to extraction of iron from its ore. Metal chemistry is very adverse, hot metal is taken to this section for casting into pig iron.
Blast furnaces produce pig iron from iron ore by the reducing action of carbon supplied as coke at a high temperature in the presence of a fluxing agent such as limestone. Pdf using blended learning method, blast furnace subject was analysed. Blast furnace phenomena and modelling the iron and steel. Thermochemical model for blast furnace process control with the. Chemistry chm2 unit 2 foundation physical and inorganic chemistry friday 11 january 2002 afternoon session in addition to this paper you will require. General certificate of education june 2007 advanced. Chemistry notes form 3 chemistry form three pdf online. The physics hypertextbook is a reaction to the three big problems with textbooks. This reaction produces a lot of heat, and is the main source of heat in the furnace. International gcse sciences 2017 an introduction to our. Reactivity series reactions with air, water, hcl ores, types of extraction extraction of iron blast furnace tab book any feedback would be appreciated.
The smelting of iron ore into metallic iron was first accomplished by primitive blast furnaces approximately three thousand years ago. At the bo ttom of the furnace, the temperature is very high. E and campus and college exam papers and kcse revision materials. To the blast furnace, the following ingredients are added. F e 2 n h 3 g the reaction between persulfate ions peroxodisulfate ions, s 2 o 82, and iodide ions in solution can be. Often, in the steel industry, blast furnace gas is used as an accessional to natural gas bojic and mourdoukountas. Apw0105chm2 6 leave margin blank 3 the curve below shows how the volume of oxygen evolved varies with time when 50 cm3 of a 2. Chemistry chm6w unit 6a synoptic assessment monday 26 june 2006 9.
Blast furnace simulation download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl. A blast furnace is a vertical countercurrent heat exchange and chemical reactor for producing hot metal. Not for resale, circulation or distribution in whole or in part. The air blown into the bottom of the furnace is heated using the hot waste gases from the top. This reaction is the main source of heat in the furnace. Download and read form 3 chemistry notes form 3 chemistry notes form three chemistry notes pdf.
The competition problems from the international chemistry olympiads, volume 1 edited by anton sirota, icho international information centre, bratislava, slovakia 7 problem 3 the gas escaping from a blast furnace has the following composition. The best computer science o level notes, revision guides, tips and websites compiled from all around the world at one place for your ease so you can prepare for your tests and examinations with the satisfaction that you have the best resources available to you. An introduction this book describes the principles of the blast furnace. Homogenization of temperature and chemistry of the heat of steel is accomplished by the bubbling of inert gas through the ladle. Pdf blast furnace in engineering education researchgate. The schematic diagram of a blast furnace in figure 9. Great for ks1 ks2 ks3 ks4 and post 16 a level lessonplans, and more. The softening and melting of blast furnace burden materials.
Identify the additional raw materials needed in the extraction process,state why they are needed and write equations for the reactions occurring. Chemistry chm2 unit 2 foundation physical and inorganic chemistry. Get all of my asa level chemistry scribble notes at a discounted price. The nitrogen comes from the air and the hydrogen is obtained mainly from natural gas methane. Blast furnaces have grown considerably in size during the twentieth century. The chemistry of steelmaking the basic oxygen furnace. Apwjun07chm2 2 leave margin blank 1 a i on the axes below, draw a maxwellboltzmann distribution of molecular energies for a gas at temperature t. Students draw in a diagram of the blast furnace, then fill in the gaps to show the reactions that happen. These revision notes on the extraction of iron in a blast furnace and the process of steel making and other alloys should prove useful for the new aqa, edexcel and ocr gcse 91 chemistry science courses. It can also change over the years with alterations in the sources and types of ore being smelted. In the early days of the twentieth century, blast furnaces had a hearth diameter of 45 m and were producing around 100,000 thm per year, mostly from lump ore and coke. Ironmaking blast furnaces consist of several zones. The haber process combines nitrogen and hydrogen into ammonia. Click download or read online button to get blast furnace simulation book now.
You can find notes and exam questions for additional math, elementary math, physics, biology and chemistry. Providing study notes, tips, and practice questions for students preparing for their o level or upper secondary examinations. The temperature regime in the blast furnace shaft is such that it can be assumed a zone of mixedcontrol exists. Ideal for use in the classroom, student learning or general knowledge. Chemistry chm2 unit 2 foundation physical and inorganic. In the blast furnace, the reducing gas ispredominantly co with varying amounts ofhydrogen depending upon the moisture content ofthe blast and other blast additives like fuel oil ornatural gas.
These kinds of quantities are expressed with derived units, which are built from combinations of base units. Solid iron oxide burden is charged from top along with. The operational stability of a complex process such as the blast furnace is under constant threat owing to variation in the quality of raw materials as well as other. The chemical composition of slag 1,7 can vary over a wide range depending on the nature of the ore, the composition of the limestone flux, the coke consumption and the kind of iron being made. Original post by abdulahi a blast furnace can produce about 700 tonnes of iron a day. How to build derived units from base units dummies. The limestone combines with impurities and molten rock from the iron ore and sinter, forming a liquid slag which, being lighter than the metal, floats on. The method used in blast furnaces have been used since the 1500s. A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals. Powerpoint presentations on a huge range of chemistry topics. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Recently, however, various infurnace phenomena have become the subject of. The combined mixture is called the charge iron ore, haematite often contains sand with iron oxide, fe 2 o 3 limestone calcium carbonate coke mainly carbon the charge is placed a giant chimney called a blast furnace. Iron is extracted in a blast furnace by a continuous reduction process.
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